英语一般现在时的用法

本文章由春喜在线英语于2017.3.14日编辑发布

 

 

（一）定义

一般现在时主要用来表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或者是现在的特征或所处的状态。如：

He often goes to school on foot every morning.
She is at work now.
They are primary school students.

（二）基本结构

从谓语动词的分类来看，一般现在时的基本结构主要分三种情况，即：

1、主语+be+其他成分

其中的be，会随着主语的不同，有am/is/are的变化。am的主语是I，is的主语是第三人称单数，are的主语是第一人称复数、第二人称的单数和复数、第三人称的复数。如：

I am ten years old.
He is in the classroom.
They are in the zoo at the moment.

2、主语+do/does+其他成分

其中，动词do的主语为第一人称的单数和复数、第二人称的单数和复数、第三人称的复数，does的主语为第三人称的单数。如：

We always stay up late on Saturday.
You often forget to bring your textbooks with you.
She likes apples very much.

3、主语+情态动词+be/do+其他成分

此时，情态动词采用的是现在形式，后面的动词都采用原形。如：

She can be a good teacher in the future.
I must leave for the party now.

（三）动词的第三人称单数

动词的第三人称单数，简称三单，是在使用一般现在时中最容易出错的地方。这与汉语的主谓成分在数上没有一致性要求有很大关系。

动词三单常见的变化规则有：

1、直接+s

如：works、plays、sweeps

2、“伤心城市”（即以sh、x、ch、s或ss结尾的单词）加+es

如：washes、fixes、watches、focuses、kisses。

3、以辅音字母+o结尾的+es

如：goes、does、vetoes（否决）

4、以辅音字母+y结尾的，改y为i，再+es

如：studies、flies、dries

5、特殊情况

如：have的三单形式为has。

（四）常见用法

1、表主语现在所处的状态

The book is on the desk.
I am very busy.

2、表主语的身份或职业

She is our English teacher.
His father is a doctor.

3、表主语的特征或特点

The dog often barks at strangers.
He is bad-tempered.

4、表主语的能力

The cat can see well in the darkness.
He is good at swimming.

5、表主语的国籍

Mary comes from Britain.
He is a Chinese.

6、表主语经常性或习惯性的行为

Jack sometimes goes hiking by himself on weekends.
They usually visit museums in their spare time.

7、表主语的兴趣爱好

She likes reading novels very much.
I want a cup of tea.

8、表天气或气候

It is sunny today.
It often rains a lot in spring in Shanghai.

9、表客观事实或真理

Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.
The sun rises from the east and sets in the west.

10、表按计划或安排好的或将要发生的动作

这类用法一般只限于start、begin、leave、go、come、arrive、return、take place等。 如：

The train leaves at four tomorrow afternoon.
She comes back home tonight.

11、表将来（在时间和条件状语从句中）

If he comes, I will tell him about it.
When the plane arrives, she will meet him herself.

12、用在格言、警句中

Pride goes before a fall. （骄必败。）
Time is money. （时间就是金钱。）

13、表过去

1） 用于某些动词（tell、say、hear、learn等）表示不确定的过去时间。如：

She tells me Jack will come tomorrow. （她告诉我杰克明天要来。）
I hear that he won the first prize in the competiton last week. （我听说他在上周的比赛中得了第一名。 ）

2）当要陈述一个客观事实时，有时即使有过去时间状语也可用一般现在时。如：

The story is set in the summer of 1937. （故事的背景是1937年夏天。）
The story begins in the year 1937. （故事开始于1937年。）

 

（五）常见的标志性词语

1、频度副词

按照频度高低，常见的频度副词如下：

always
usually
often
sometimes
seldom
never

2、every+时间单位

every day/week/month/year

3、一天里的时间

in the morning/afternoon/evening
at noon/night

（六）句型转换

1、谓语动词为be动词或情态动词的句子

此时，如果是要转换为否定句，则直接在be动词或情态动词后加not。如：

He can drive a car.
He cannot (或can't) drive a car.
She is on the playground.
She is not (或isn't) on the playground.
如果要转换为一般疑问句或对划线部分提问，则直接把be动词或情态动词提到句首即可。如：

He can drive a car.
Can he drive a car? Yes, he can. / No, he can't.
What can he drive? (提问a car）
She is on the playground.
Is she on the playground. Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
Where is she? (提问on the playground)

2、谓语动词为其他动词的句子

此时，如果是要转换为否定句，需要借助助动词do/does，在后面加not，同时原有的动词要恢复原形。如：

He often goes to work by car every day.
He doesn't often go to work by car every day.
如果要转换为一般疑问句或对划线部分提问，需要借助助动词do/does，提到句首，原有动词要恢复原形。如：

She seldom goes hiking on her own.
Does she seldom go hiking on her own? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
What does she seldom do on her own? (提问goes hiking）

【注意】

1、如果原句的主语为第一人称，变为一般疑问句或对划线部分提问时，要改为第二人称。如：

I often have English classes on Friday.
Do you often have English classes on Friday? Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
What classes do you often have on Friday? (提问English）
2、如果原句中含有some，变为否定句或疑问句时，一般要改为any。如：

There are some oranges on the plate.
There aren't any oranges on the plate.
Are there any oranges on the plate? Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
Where are there any oranges? (提问on the plate)